OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER IC 741| INVERTING MODE AND NON-INVERTING MODE
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER IC 741
Operational amplifiers IC741 are available in IC format. The UA 741 is the most popular of these. It was developed by a company called Fairchild Semiconductor

There are also variants such as the MCI 741 op amp developed by Motorola and the LM 741 op amp developed by the National semiconductor
It has two input terminals, inverting and non-inverting. If a signal is given at the inverting input, the signal received at the output will be 180 ° phase shift from the signal given at the input.
That is, if a positive signal is given at the inverting input, a negative signal is obtained at the output, and if a negative signal is given, a positive signal is obtained at the output
If a signal is given at a non-inverting input, the output signal will be equal to the phase angle of the input signal. That is, if a positive signal is given at a non-inverting input, a positive signal is obtained at the output, and a negative signal is obtained at the output if a negative signal is given.
The nature of the signal received at the output of the operational amplifier depends on the nature of the components and their versions that are externally connected to it
PIN DETAILS IC 741
IC 741 is a dual in line IC package with 8 pins

PIN NO 1 : Off set null balance
PIN NO 2 : Inverting input
PIN NO 3 : Non inverting input
PIN NO 4 : Negative supply
PIN NO 5 : Off set null balance
PIN NO 6 : Output
PIN NO 7 : Positive supply
PIN NO 8 : NO connection
IMPORTANT TERMS
Input Offset Voltage
The input voltage given between the two input terminals of the op-amp in order to bring the output voltage to zero is called the input offset voltage
Input Bias Current
The average value of the current passing through the two input terminals of an op-amp operating in balance is called the input bias current
Input offset current
The difference between the currents flowing through the two input terminals of an op-amp operating in balance is called the input offset current
Output Offset Voltage
When two input terminals of an op-amp are connected directly to ground, the voltage at its output is called the output offset voltage
Differential Input Resistance
Differential input resistance is the resistance value measured at the next input terminal when one of the two input terminals in an op-amp is connected directly to ground
Input Capacitance
When one of the two terminals in an op-amp is connected directly to ground, the value of the capacitance measured at the next terminal is called the input capacitance
Open Loop Voltage Gain
The differential voltage gain obtained when there is no feedback connection in the op-amp is called the open loop voltage gain
Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio
The ratio between the input off-set voltage and a power supply voltage that varies accordingly (when the voltages of other power supplies are constant) is called the SVRR
Output Voltage Swing
The output voltage swing is the maximum peak-to-peak voltage that can be obtained at the output without any clipping on the waveform when the DC output is zero
Slew Rate
The maximum output voltage that varies per unit time is called the slew rate. It is denoted by the unit volts / microsecond
SR = dVo/dt/maximum
V/μs
Common Mode Rejection Ratio
The ratio between differential voltage gain (Ad) and common mode voltage gain (Acm) is called CMRR
CMRR = Ad/Acm
Maximum Differential Input Voltage
The maximum differential input voltage given to an op-amp without being affected is called the maximum differential input voltage
Maximum Common Mode Input Voltage
The maximum voltage that the op-amp can supply to its two input terminals before it starts operating non-linear is called the maximum common mode input voltage
INVERTING MODE

The input signal is fed to the inverting terminal via a resistor called Ri. Rf is the feedback resistor
Connects the inverting terminal and the output terminal. Once the input voltage Vi is given, the current i passes through the input resistor Ri and the current 1 passes through the feedback resistor Rf
The input resistance value of the inverting terminal is high (or) so current does not flow inside the inverting terminal. Also it acts as a virtual ground so its voltage level is zero
Non Inverting Mode

Where the input voltage is applied directly to the non-inverting input. The inverting input has a resistor called Ri and the feedback has a resistor called Rf
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